How does tooth decay develop?
A sticky layer of bacteria called plaque forms on the surface of the teeth. When we eat or drink something sugary, these bacteria turn the sugar into acid. The acid gradually dissolves the minerals in tooth enamel; this process is called "demineralization".
Saliva and fluoride can return some of these minerals to the enamel. If acid attacks outpace repair, the enamel weakens further and eventually a cavity forms.
Factors that increase the risk of decay
- Frequent sweet or acidic foods and drinks, especially between meals
- Not brushing regularly and plaque staying on the teeth
- Not using a fluoride toothpaste
- Dry mouth (for example due to some medicines)
- Deep grooves in back teeth and old restorations where plaque collects
Symptoms of tooth decay
Early decay is usually painless, which is why regular check-ups matter. As decay progresses, these symptoms may appear:
- An opaque white or brown spot on the tooth surface
- Sensitivity to cold, heat or sweet foods
- Food getting stuck between teeth or at one particular spot
- A visible hole or cavity
- Pain when chewing or pain that starts on its own
Ways to prevent decay
- Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
- Clean between your teeth daily with floss or an interdental brush.
- Reduce how often you have sugar; frequency matters more than amount.
- Drink water instead of sugary drinks.
- See a dentist for regular check-ups so early decay is found early.
When should we see a dentist?
If you see a spot or hole on a tooth, have sensitivity or pain, or haven't had a check-up for a while, it's time to visit. Severe pain, facial or gum swelling and fever need an urgent visit.
Tools like Anodyne can show suspicious areas sooner by analyzing a photo of your teeth and help you go to the dentist better informed; but a final diagnosis is only possible with a dentist's examination.